ENGLISH

Task 1: Complete these sentences.

If it rains tomorrow we will not go to this Opan Air event.

If Catalonia becomes an independent country, Catalonian football players will not play for Spain national team.

If money grew on trees it would lose his value.

If everyone was telepathic we would know everything about each other.

If all the peoples were peaceful there would be no wars on earth. (people-մարդիկ, peoples-ժողովուրդներ)

If you had come earlier you would have seen your brother.

They would have seen you if you would have come earlier.

Task 2.«Երանի տալը» անգլերեն`I wish I were in Denmark now. Երանի ես հիմա Դանիայում լինեի:

Հետաքրքիր է, որ այս դեպքում անցյալ ժամանակն է գործածվում «հիմա, վաղը, հաջորդ տարի…» ներկա և ապագա ցույց տվող բառերի հետ, իսկ «to be» բայն էլ «were» ձևով է գործածվում բոլոր դեմքերի համար գրական անգլերենում: Հնարավոր է նաև «was» ձևը խոսակցական լեզվում:

Երանի տվեք այս իրավիճակներում.

Օրինակ՝ I want to give up smoking.  Ձևափոխում ենք այսպես՝ I wish I gave up smoking.

I love her but she never notices me. I wish she noticed me.

I can’t get a visa to the USA. I wish got s visa to the USA.

German grammar is so hard. I wish German grammar were easy.

I never win the jackpot with a lottery ticket. I wish the won jackpot with a lottery ticket. 

Task 3. Write a letter to a friend you haven’t seen for some time. Mention some recent news about yourself and people you both know. 

Hallo my friend

I hope this letter finds you in the best of spirit.

 How are you? I am fine and hope some for you. I am studying in 12 class. It is the graduation class. I am preparing for examens for becoming the student of Yerevan State University. I will write you about news next time.

Best wishes for you

Your friend

Avetis Teteyan’s essay: Should Smartphones be banned at Schools?

It is generally agreed today that smartphones at schools are a very great problem. It is a well-known fact that gadgets distract pupils’ attention. Firstly, they harm health especially the eyesight. Secondly, they restrict physical activities. The supporters of this point of view claim that smartphones should be banned at school. There are a great number of people with just an opposite point of view. They are sure that banning smartphones at schools is a groundless decision. According to the supporters of this point of view, the main advantage of smartphones is that they really give the students the opportunity to be well-informed. Pupils or university students can find the important information they need in a few minutes or even in a few seconds. Therefore, the banning of smartphones could deprive the students from valuable information sources. The main disadvantage of this point of view is that side by side with the useful information they can also come across fake news or fake information. Taking into account all these points of views, I think that banning smartphones is not a good idea. The school administration should create restrictions on the availability of some internet sites.

To sum up, I am convinced that it would be good to introduce a new course in the school and university curriculums which would teach the students the advantages and disadvantages of using smartphones and using internet resources.

“Should smartphones be banned at schools?”

It is generally agreed today that the smartphones at the schools are very great problem. It is a well-known fact that gadgets distract the pupils attention. Firstly, they harm the health especially eyesight. Secondly, they restrict physical activities. The supporters of this point of view claim that smartphones should be banned at school. There are a great number of people with just an opposite point of view. They are sure that the banning of smartphones from schools is groundless decision. The main advantage of this point of view is that the smartphones really give the opportunity to be well-informed. However, the pupil or student could in few minutes or few seconds find the important information he was needed. Therefore the banning of smartphones could deprive the students from information sources. The main disadvantage of this point of view is that with the useful information they receive the fake news and fake information. Taking into account all this points of views I think that banning the smartphones is not a good idea, but the same time school administration would create some restrictions on some internet sites availability. To sum up, I am convinced that it would be good to include the new course in school and also in university curriculums which would teach the students the advantages and disadvantages of using smarthpones and using internet resoursce. Because for most of the students smartphones and internet are mainly social sites like Facebook and Instagram and they willingly share more information on it. 

I.Կարդալ տեքստը և ընտրել հարցերի ճիշտ պատասխանը

Read the text and choose the right answer to the questions

The Smartest Animal

Once there was a farmer in Lori. Every morning and every evening he plowed (վարում էր) his field with his buffalo (եզ).

One day a wolf saw the farmer and his buffalo working. The wolf was surprised to see a big animal listening to a small animal. He wanted to know more about the buffalo and the man.

After the man had gone home, the wolf spoke to the buffalo. “You are so big and strong. Why do you do everything that the man tells you?” the wolf asked. The buffalo answered, “Oh, the man is very intelligent (խելացի).” The wolf asked, ”Can you tell me how intelligent the man is?” “No, I can’t tell you,” said the buffalo, “but you can ask the man.”

So the next day, the wolf said to the man, “Can I see your intelligence?” The man answered, “It’s at home.” “Can you go home and get it?” asked the wolf. “Yes,” said the man, “but I am afraid that you will kill my buffalo when I am not here. Can I tie you to a tree?”

After the man had tied the wolf up, he didn’t go home to get his intelligence. He took his stick (ճիպոտ) and began hitting the wolf. He was hitting and saying, “Now you know my intelligence. Can you see it?”

1.The wolf was surprised to see a big animal listening to a small animal

1.          a) because in animal world big animals usually obey small ones

2.          b) small animals usually obey big ones

3.          c) animals don’t obey one another

2.The buffalo admitted the man’s superiority because

1.          a) the man was very clever

2.          b) the man was very strong

3.          c) the man was from Lori

3.          The wolf didn’t understand that intelligence

4.          a) was something that couldn’t be seen

5.          b) was eaten with mutton

6.          c) was usually owned by buffaloes

4.          The moral of the fable is:

5.          a) an early bird catches the worm

6.          b) if you have strength you don’t need any intelligence

7.  c) you don’t have to be very strong if you are very intelligent

1. Use the correct form of intelligent in each of the sentences.

Օգտագործեք intelligent բառի ճիշտ ձևերը տրված նախադասություններում:

intelligent, intelligence, intelligently

1.The man in the story was very intelligent .

2. He acted very intelligently when he tied up the wolf.

3. The buffalo knew about the man’s intelligence.

4. It was not very intelligent of the wolf to let the man tie him up.

III. Choose the correct additions to fill in the gaps

Ընտրեք ճիշտ ձևերը իրենց տեղերում:

Last summer I …1… to Ujan to spend my vacations there. My grandmother …2… me very warmly. The best time …3… to Ujan is, of course, August when peaches are ripe. They are so juicy and delicious in the orchards of Ujan. I had a very good time there with my village friends. Every day we went to the river and …4… there. I was sorry to return to Yerevan when it was time to start a new school year.

1.          a) was going b) went c) have gone

2.          a) met b) will meet c) is meeting

3.          a) is going b) to go    c) goes

4.          a) swim b) is swimming c) swam

1.          Choose the correct words or word combinations.

Ընտրեք ճիշտ բառերն ու բառակապակցությունները:

1.  I feel very well because I went to bed early … .

a) this evening b) tonight c) last night

2.  My mother will come home at 6 o’clock … evening.

a) in this b) this c) on this

3. The sun …. In the East.

a) rises always b) is always rising c) always rises

4. What …. On Sundays?

a) do Mary usually does b) Mary usually does c) does Mary usually do

1.          Match the lines of the columns

Համապատասխանեցրեք թվով նախադասությունները տառերով նախադասություններին

1. I am very tired	a. I haven’t got a single free minute
2. I am very busy	b. If only you could give me a glass of water
3. I am very thirsty	c. I am exhausted
4. I am free now	d. I can be at your disposal

I.Text for reading comprehension

Foreign Exchange

Hotels and tourist trips don’t always give you the freedom to enjoy a holiday the way you want it. Why not swap your home (մի քանի օրով, շաբաթով կամ ամսով արտասահմանցու հետ կատարել տների փոխանակում. նա իր արձակուրդը անցկացնում է քո երկրում ու քո տանը, իսկ դու քո արձակուրդը անցկացնում ես նրա երկրում ու նրա տանը.) with another family and find out what life is really like in your dream destination?

A change may be as good as a rest, but when it comes to holidays, more and more people are discovering that home exchange – swapping your house with another family – is a good deal better than a package.

For a start, it’s a financial winner. Compared with the daunting cost of even the most reasonable fortnight in the sun in a hotel or rented apartment, you will be paying literally nothing for accommodation.

There is also the pleasantly reassuring feel that both houses are therefore occupied and not an open invitation to burglars and vandals. And instead of a soulless hotel, you are part of a genuine community, probably with your host’s friends and neighbors helping to make you welcome.

If both families have children they will make local friends – and have the run of the resident toy cupboard. Experienced swappers agree that living as guests in someone else’s house encourages mutual respect for each other’s property – although it is probably sensible to pack away vulnerable treasures.

Some of the most successful home-swap holidays have made firm friends of the families involved – with the children becoming pen pals and even getting together to organize their combined holidays in subsequent years.

Copy out the new words and look them up in the dictionary.  Դուրս գրեք նոր բառերը և նայեք դրանք բառարանում: 

Answer the questions

1.   What do you think are the advantages of swapping homes with another family from a different country as a holiday?

I think that swapping your house with other family is a good idea and it gives an opportunity to travel. There are meny advantages in this idea. First you will econome your money, and the second you would see many interesting  sites and places.

2.   Are any disadvantages mentioned?

Disadvantages are not mentioned in the text. But I think there are some disadvantages in this idea. You couldn’t know whom you give your house and your lovely things.

II.   need doing something և need to do something

Սենյակը վերանորոգման կարիք ունի: The room needs repairing.

Քո վերնաշապիկը արդուկելու կարիք ունի: Your shirt needs ironing.

Բայց եթե մարդը կարիք ունի մի որևէ բան անելու, ապա պետք է գործածել «need to do something» արտահայտությունը:

Օրինակ՝ I need to iron this shirt.

I need to repair this room.

Choose the right word. 

1.   She (needs to mend, needs mending) the carpet.

2.   The walls of the apartment (need to paint, need painting).

3.   Your hands (need to wash, need washing).

4.   They (need to discuss, need discussing) this matter.

5.   The dog is too thin. It (needs feeding, needs to feed) properly.

III. Կան գործողություններ, որոնք սովորաբար մարդն ինքը չի անում: Նա դրանք անել է տալիս: Օրինակ՝ ատամը հեռացնելը կամ բուժելը, մազերը կտրելը, տաբատը կարճացնելը, բնակարանում ջրատաքացուցիչ տեղադրելը և այլն:

Համեմատենք այս երկու նախադասությունները.

Ես փոխեցի խոհանոցի ջրի ծորակը:  I changed the water tap in the kitchen.

Ես փոխել տվեցի խոհանոցի ջրի ծորակը: I had the water tap changed in the kitchen.

մի բան անել տալ – have something done (have + առարկան + բայի երրորդ ձևը)

Ես տաբատս կարճացնել տվեցի: I had my trousers made shorter.

-Ի՞նչ ես անում այստեղ:  What are you doing here?

-Տաբատս եմ կարճացնել տալիս: I am having my trousers made shorter.

-Ջուրը անընդհատ կաթում է ծորակից: Water is constantly dripping from the tap.

-Ես վերանորոգման կտամ այն: I will have it fixed.

Ուրեմն have-ն է ընդունում ժամանակների փոփոխությունը:

Translate the sentences into English

1.   Ես վերանորոգման տվեցի մեր փոշեկուլը:

I had my vacuum cleaner repaired.

2.   Ցուրտ է և ես չեմ կարողանա լվալ իմ ավտոմեքենան: Ես լվալ կտամ այն:

It’s cold and I wouldn’t wash it. I will have washed it.

3.   Վարսահարդարը կտրեց նրա մազերը: Նա կտրել տվեց իր մազերը:

The heirdresser cut his hairs. He had his hairs cut.

4.   Ինչ ես անում հիմա: Ես տունն եմ մաքրել տալիս հիմա:

What are you doing now. I am having my home cleaned. 

Creative task

I. Answer the following questions.

1.   What is interesting in the city you are living in now? Is it a large city or a small town? Can you compare it with Yerevan?

I am living in Yerevan. I can say it is not so big as other cities. It is not megapolis. There are many things in our country I like, but unfortunetly there are some things that I don’t like. I like the museums, theatres and culturel sutes, but I don’t like the transport system, lack of gardens.

2.   Have you learned the official language of the natives in the country of your residence now?

3.   What difficulties do you have to overcome in the new place of living?

Developing your oral speech

Explanations

II. In everyday speech peopl-e often use the absolute forms of possessive pronouns: mine-իմը, yours – քոնը, his- նրանը, hers-նրանը, its-նրանը, դրանը, ours-մերը, theirs-նրանցը.

All these pronouns are used when the speaker doesn’t want or there is no need to repeat the noun which has already been used in the speech.

Examples:

Which of these books are yours?

–Mine is the one with my name on the cover. 

Which of the coats is Mary’s?

–Hers is the one with big brown buttons on it.

Which gloves are yours?

– Mine are the ones with red lines on them.

How do you like my new hat?

I don’t like this hat of yours at all, it doesn’t suit you. 

Task

Translate the answers into English.

Which of the documents are Nick’s? – Նրանը նրանք են՝ իր նկարներով դրանց վրա: His are these ones with his pictures.

Which bicycle is Tom’s? – Նրանը դռան մոտինն է: His is one near the door.

Which of the dogs is the Browns’? – Նրանցը ձախ ականջի վրա սև բծովն է: (բիծ-spot) Theirs are one with black spot on left ear.

Which of these bags are your? – Մերը պիտակներովն են: Ours are with labels.

You always read while eating, don’t you? – Այո, դա իմ վատ սովորությունն է: Yes, it is my bad habit.

Who is that blue-eyed girl Peter and Ann are talking with? – Նա նրանց զարմուհին է: (Սխալ կլինի, եթե թարգմանեք այսպես՝ She is their niece.) She is niece of theirs.

Why didn’t you reproach the waiter when he spilt some wine on your new dress? – Դա նրա մեղքը չէր: (մեղք-fault) It is not his fault.

Explanations

III. When you want to express an idea, about which you have no doubt, you can use the following speech patterns: surely-հաստատ, certainly-անշուշտ, there is no doubt- կասկած չկա.

Examples:

We have run out of bread, and our bakery closes at 6 pm.

–Surely, there is some other bakery which closes later.

The tin-opener is missing. I’ve got nothing to open the tin with.

–Surely, there is another one in the kitchen-cupboard.

I don’t thinkwe can go to the skating-rink tonight.

-There is certainly no hope of our going to the skating-rink tonight. It’s thawing.

Task

Translate the speaker’s remarks into English. 

I have to take some medicine for my cough. Անկասկած հազի դեմ հաբեր կան այդ դարակում: Surely, there are tabs against cough.

It’s raining outside and I can’t find my umbrella. Հաստատ մեկ ուրիշ անձրևանոց էլ կլինի տանը: Շարունակիր փնտրել: Surely there were be another umbrella in home.

I think “Google translate” doesn’t give the right translation of this word. – Դու անշուշտ կհասկանաս այդ բառի իմաստը, եթե դա նայես Օքսֆորդի բառարանում: (look up a word in the dictionary)

You certainly could understand the meaning of this world if you could look up a word in the dictionary.

I. Text            The Faithful Dog

Prince LLewellyn was out hunting on his horse in the Welsh countryside. At that time his newborn son was sleeping at home, and Gelert, his faithful dog, was watching over him. While the Prince and his men were riding through the forest, they heard loud barking coming from the direction of the house. The Prince had a terrible feeling. He turned his horse around and galloped quickly home.

When Prince LLewelyn walked through the door, Gelert was waiting for him. As soon as he saw his master, the dog jumped up to greet him with a huge smile on his face. The Prince looked at Gelert. Something wasn’t right. When he looked closer he saw blood dripping from the dog’s mouth and fur. LLewellyn ran into his son’s bedroom. The cot (օրորոց) was empty. The white sheets were covered with blood. The Prince didn’t think twice. He took his sword and swung it at the dog. Gelert looked at his master as if he didn’t understand. Then with a final whimper, he lay down and died. As Prince LLewellyn looked at his dead dog on the floor, he knew that he had done something wrong. He looked around the room and he saw that there had been a fight. There were clothes and broken dishes on the floor. There was a lot more blood too. And then he heard the sound of a baby crying. The noise was coming from under the cot. The Prince slowly lifted it up. There was his baby, alive and well. On the floor behind the cot he saw the body of a dead wolf. And then the Prince realised. Gelert hadn’t killed his son – he had hidden the baby and killed the wolf. Prince LLewellyn was heartbroken. He organised a great ceremony to burry the dog that had saved his son’s life. He visited the grave every day until he died.

Այս տեքստում պարզ ձևով ներկայացված են անգլերենի Simple Past, Past Continuous և Past Perfect ժամանակները:

While the Prince and his men were riding through the forest, they heard loud barking coming from the direction of the house.

Մինչ արքայազնը և իր մարդիկ ձիերով անցնում էին անտառով, նրանք լսեցին …

«While» շաղկապը հաճախ է օգտագործվում անգլերենի անցյալ շարունակական բայական ժամանակաձևը կազմելու համար:

«When» շաղկապը նույնպես կարող է օգտագործվել:

When Prince LLewelyn walked through the door, Gelert was waiting for him.

Այս տեքստում անգլերենի Past Perfect ժամանակաձևի օգտագործման մի քանի օրինակ կա:

…he knew that he had done something wrong.

He looked around the room and he saw that there had been a fight.

Gelert hadn’t killed his son – he had hidden the baby and killed the wolf.

He organised a great ceremony to burry the dog that had saved his son’s life.

Այժմ մի քիչ ավելի մանրամասն ներկայացնեմ Past Perfect ժամանակաձևը, քանի որ հայ սովորողները հաճախ են սխալվում հենց այդ ժամանակաձևի ընտրության հարցում:

The Past Perfect ժամանակաձևի կազմությունը և գործածումը

Կազմությունը բոլոր դեմքերի համար նույնն է՝ had + բայի երրորդ ձևը

I (you, he, she it, we, you, they) had eaten. Ես կերել էի:

Had he eaten?  He hadn’t eaten.

Ցույց է տալիս մի գործողություն, որը կատարվել է նախքան մի պահ անցյալում: Անցյալի այդ պահը կարող է արտահայտվել կամ բառակապակցություններով՝ by 6 o’clock yesterday-մինչև երեկ ժամը 6-ը, by last Sunday-մինչև անցյալ կիրակի, by the end of last year-մինչև անցյալ տարվա վերջը:

Ես ավարտել էի այդ աշխատանքը մինչև անցյալ ուրբաթ: I had finished that work by last Friday.

Մենք հանձնել էինք մեր քննությունները մինչև ամառվա սկիզբը: We had taken our examinations by the beginning of summer.

Անցյալի այդ պահը կարող է արտահայտվել նաև մեկ այլ նախադասությամբ, որը անցյալ ժամանակում է:

Երբ նա նորից զանգահարեց ինձ, ես կատարել էի առաջադրանքը: When he telephoned me again, I had done the task.

Նա ասաց, որ կարդացել է այդ գիրքը: He said that he had read that book.

Նախքան ֆիլմը դիտելը նա կարդացել էր այդ վեպը: She had read the novel before she saw the film.

Նա սկսեց թարգմանել բանաստեղծությունը հայերեն, մի քանի բառ բառարանում նայելուց հետո: He began translating tհe poem into Armenian after he had looked up some words in the dictionary.

Նա չէր պառկում քնելու մինչև չպատասխաներ բոլոր նամակներին: She didn’t go to bed until she had answered all the letters.

Առաջադրանք 

Complete the Dialogue using the right tense forms.

Alan: Hey Dylan, I hear you played your first concert last night. How was that?

Dylan: It was OK. The audience liked it. But we had some problems.

Alan: Really? What did happen?

Dylan: Well, as I was singing the fourth song, all the lights suddenly went out!

Alan: Oh no! What did you done?

Dylan: The audience sat in the dark and I carried on singing.

Alan: Wow! Well done – that was pretty cool of you.

Dylan: Oh, that was nothing. As soon as the lights had come back on, I realised my microphone did not working!  So while the guys had fixed the microphone the band musicians played on, and when it was fixed I  start sing again. No broblem!

Alan: No problem? I hope all your concerts aren’t like that.

Բացել փակագծերը՝ բայերը գործածելով կամ Simple Past, կամ՝ Past Perfect ժամանակաձևերում:

1.   The teacher had checked our essays by last Saturday.

2.   She opened the door and saw that someone had turned everything upside down.

3.   Tom did not went to bed until he had cleaned his teeth.

4.   She said  that she had seen that film did not wanted to see it again.

5.   When I looked at him I thought that I had met him somewhere before.

6.   We had not had breakfast when she arrived.

7.   We couldn’t pass the border because we had left our passports at home.

8.   After he had read all the names on the list, he realized that he had not passed the test.

9.   When she came home it seemed to him that something bad had happened.

10.       When I arrived  at the airport, I discovered that I had forgotten to bring the passport.

Թարգմանել անգլերեն

1.   Երբ հասա կայարան, հիշեցի, որ մոռացել եմ վերցնել իմ անձնագիրը:

When I arrived station, I remembered that I had forgotten to take my passport.  

2.   Երեխան սովորաբար չէր քնում, մինչև հեքիաթ չպատմեին:

The child usually did not slept, until the fairy tale had not been read.

3.   Նա ավարտել էր տեքստի թարգմանությունը մինչև երեկոյան ժամը 7-ը:

He had finished the translation of text by 7  o’clock in evening.

4.   Սիրանուշը շատ էր կարդացել Եգիպտոսի մասին նախքան այնտեղ մեկնելը:

Siranush had read a lot of about Egypt before arrived there.

5.   Նա հասկացավ ամեն ինչ, նամակը մի քանի անգամ կարդալուց հետո:

He understood everything after he had read the letter few times.

6.   Ուսուցիչն ասաց, որ ստուգել է մեր շարադրությունները:

The teacher said that she had checked our essays.

7.   Ֆիլմն այնքան անհետաքրքիր էր, որ բոլորը լքել էին դահլիճը, նախքան դրա վերջանալը:

The film was so boring, that everyone had leaved the hall before the ending.

8.   Նրանք չկարողացան շարունակել իրենց ճամփորդությունը, որովհետև ծախսել էին իրենց ողջ գումարը:

They could not continue their travel, because they had spent all the money.

9.   Նրանք հրաժարվեցին որևէ բան ուտել, քանի որ արդեն ճաշել էին:

They refused to eat something, because they had lunch.

10.       Դու ասացի՞ր նրան, որ պատասխանել ես իր նամակին:

You said him that you had answered to his letter. 

Talk to the Animals

Only humans speak using words. But all species in animal kingdom can communicate in one way or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the way dogs bark in different ways to give warnings, to be friendly or to be playful.

But did you know about infrasonic (հաղորդակցություն ցածր հաճախականությամբ ձայներով) communication used by elephants? This is how it works:

Animals such as elephants and hippos can hear much lower sounds than humans can. And what’s more, they can make such low sounds as well. Low sounds can travel much farther distances than higher sounds. That’s why elephants can hear one another from long distances. The low sound that elephants can make is called infrasound. People can’t hear this sound. Infrasound can travel about several kilometers. Sounds which have a higher pitch, like the ones people make and hear, don’t travel well through walls, leaves, trees, and so on, which is why we can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away. But infrasound is much “stronger”, and things like grass and trees have no effect on it. Therefore, it can travel much farther. Elephants can hear infrasonic calls from four kilometers away.

There have been reports of people watching herds (նախիր) of elephants feeding or resting and then the elephants suddenly all got troubled for no reason at all. They obviously heard a warning call from a long way, but the people didn’t hear a sound. In places like a zoo or wildlife park where you can get nearer to animals, it is a bit easier to sense (զգալ) when infrasonic sounds are made. When you stand near mother elephants with their babies in a zoo you may notice a slight rumbling (մռթմռթոց) in the air every few minutes – not loud or strong but clearly noticeable. This is infrasonic communication – the mother elephants “talking” to their babies.

I.Read the text again and choose the right answer.

1.  The writer mentions bees and dogs …

a) because they want to learn how they communicate.

b) as example of animal communication.

c) because they use infrasonic communication

2. Humans can hear …

a) lower sounds than elephants.

b) sounds that travel long distances.

c) sounds with higher pitch.

3. Things like trees …

a) cause problems for low sounds.

b) cause problems for high sounds.

c) don’t affect sounds at all.

4. In places like zoos …

a) humans can sense when infrasonic sounds are being made.

b) elephants don’t need to make infrasonic sounds.

c) it is easier than in wildlife parks to sense when elephants use infrasonic sounds.

II. Match the words from the text with their meaning

1.  animal kingdom

a) all the living creatures in the world

b) all living creature that can communicate.

2. warning

a) a friendly greeting

b) a message about danger

3. pitch

a) the time a sound lasts

b) the level of a sound

4. notice

a) think about

b) sense

III. Express your opinion. 

What difference would it make to the world if animals were able to speak our language?

I think if animals can speak one day it would be great opportunity for people. They can help people to predict some natural disasters. It is known, that animals has a sensation and can feel the approaching danger. If they can in some way to speak with people they can tell them about their habits and life.

IV. Expressions with the word “tell”. Do you know the usage of the verbs “tell” and “say”? 

say  a word – բառ ասել

say a sentence – նախադասություն ասել

tell somebody something – մեկին մի բան ասել

tell the truth – ճշմարտությունն ասել

tell a lie – սուտ ասել

tell a secret – գաղտնիք ասել

tell somebody off – ինչ-որ մեկին հանդիմանել

tell the difference between – մեկը մյուսից զանազանել, տարբերությունն ասել

tell a joke – անեկդոտ պատմել

Translate these sentences into English.

1.   Ընկերս մի զվարճալի անեկդոտ պատմեց ինձ երեկ, բայց հիմա չեմ հիշում այն:

Yesterday my friend told me funny joke, but now I don’t remember it.

2.    Նա ասաց ինձ, որ շատ հոգնած է: Նա ասաց, որ շատ հոգնած է: Նա այդ նախադասությունը հպարտ ձայնով ասաց:

He told me he is tired. He said that he is tired. He said this sentences with proud voice.

3.  Երբ փոքր երեխա էի, մի օր ես սուտ ասացի իմ ծնողներին և նրանք բարկացան ինձ վրա:

When I was little childe I had told a lie my parents and they were angered at me.

4.  Նա ասում է, որ 5 օտար լեզու գիտի, բայց չեմ կարծում, որ նա ճշմարտությունն է ասում:

He says he know 5 foreign langueges, but I don’t think he is telling the true.

5.    Կարո՞ղ ես տարբերել հնդկական փիղը աֆրիկականից: Ես չեմ կարողանում տարբերել ամերիկական ակցենտը բրիտանականից:

Can you distinguish indian elefant from the African elefant. I cant distinguish the American accent from british accent.

6.   Ես քեզ մի գաղտնիք եմ ասում: Խոստանու՞մ ես, որ ոչ մեկին չես ասի:

I tell you one secret. Do you promise don’t to say it nobody.  

Talking without Speaking

Parents of twins often say their children are a little unusual or a bit special. But according to 16-year-old twin Gerald Scott, there are ways in which some sets of twins are quite amazing.

“My twin, Owen, and I have had a very special bond since we were born. When we were very small, we had our own language. Our mum says we used to talk to each other using our own special language.

We knew what we were saying but nobody else understood. Even our mother didn’t understand us! As we have got older, we have started using telepathy to communicate. Sometimes we don’t need to speak at all; we just use our minds. We can somehow send messages to each other even when we aren’t in the same place. I know it sounds weird, but I’ve always known if Owen was in trouble. Once he had a bad fall in rugby- he broke his leg and when it happened, I got this terrible pain in my leg.”

Although it sounds strange, telepathy between twins isn’t so unusual. There has been a lot of research that has proved that some twins h

ave this ability. One experiment involved eight-year-old Richard Powls and his twin, Damien. First, they were put in separate , sound-proof  rooms, and Damien was wired up to a machine that measured his responses. Richard was then asked to put his arm into freezing cold water. At the exact moment he put his arm into the water, Damien’s responses went wild. And it was the same whenever anything  scary or surprising happened to Richard – his brother in the other room reacted too.

There have been cases between celebrity twins too. Actor Ashley Olsen tells us that, even when they are far apart, she knows when her twin sister, Mary -Kate, is going through a difficult time or when she isn’t happy. So, maybe it’s true – maybe some twins don’t need words at all to speak to each other.

Explanations of some words – որոշ բառերի բացատրություններ

according to – ըստ

telepathy – մտքերի հաղորդումը տարածության մեջ

communicate – հաղորդակցվել

I got a pain in my leg – ոտքս ցավեց

sound-proof room – ձայնամեկուսիչ սենյակ

Read the article again. Mark the statements with “True” or “False”. Correct the false statements. Նշեք հետևյալ պնդումները «Ճիշտ» «Սխալ» բառերով: Ողղեք սխալ պնդումները:

1.Only their mother could understand Gerald and Owen’s special language when they were small. It is false.Even their mother couldn’t understand Gerald and Owen’s special language when they were small.

2.Gerald and Owen can communicate even if they are in different places. It is true.

3.According to the text, it is rare to hear of telepathy between twins. It is false. .According to the text, it is friquent to hear of telepathy between twins.

4.Damien wasn’t able to see Richard or hear anything he said during the experiment.  It is true.

5.Ashley Olsen has experienced telepathic communication with her twin.It is true.

Express your opinion.

What would be good or not so good about being telepathic? Would you like to be a telepathic person? Կցանկանայի՞ք հասկանալ մարդկանց մտքերը տարածության վրա՝ առանց նրանց հետ խոսելու:

I think that telepathy has a negative and positives sides. From one point of view it’s a good thing, because you can understand the peoples withouth speaking. But then you understand and know everything, it is not interesting to continue relations with people. One of the negative sides of telepathy is the loosing of the chance to express our feelings in our great and rich Armenian Language.

Grammar: Simple Past and Present Perfect

Կրկնենք Simple Past ժամանակին ուղեկցող բառերն ու բառակապակցությունները

Yesterday, the day before yesterday, two months ago, in 1980, last week, the other day, in one’s childhood, during the First World War, this morning,

Simple Past կամ Past Indefinite ժամանակի կազմությունը

Present Perfect ժամանակի ուղեկցող բառերն ու բառակապակցություններն են՝

Already-արդեն,

He has already returned to Armenia. Նա արդեն վերադարձել է Հայաստան:

Just – հենց նոր

I have just finished my task. Ես հենց նոր եմ վերջացրել իմ առաջադրանքը:

Lately – վերջերս

He has bought a new left-wheel Japanese car lately. Նա վերջերս մի նոր ձախ ղեկով ճապոնական ավտոմեքենա է գնել:

for –

He has stayed at this hotel for 6 days. Նե 6 օր է մնում է այս հյուրանոցում:

Since– ի վեր

I haven’t seen him since last Sunday. Ես նրան չեմ տեսել անցյալ կիրակիից ի վեր:

So far – մինչև հիմա

How many grammar mistakes have you made so far? Քանի՞ քերականական սխալներ ես արել մինչև հիմա:

Since when…?, երբվանի՞ց

Since when have you known her? Երբվանից ես ճանաչում նրան:

Never – երբեք

I have never seen such a horror film before. Երբեք նախկինում այսպիսի սարսափ ֆիլմ չեմ տեսել:

Ever – երբևէ

Have you ever seen such a horror film before?

Today, this month, this year, this week

I have translated two articles this month.

Գործածեք բայական ճիշտ ժամանակաձևը

1.Messi scored two goals at yesterday’ match.

2.Did you make any progress last week? Պետք է հարց տալ:

3.I haven’t seen my teacher since last week.

4.What film have you seen on TV today?

5.I have never drank milk with fish.

6.He has crashed his car twice this year.

7.They came to our office last week.

8.How many days did you stay at this hotel last year?

9.How many days have you stayed at this hotel so far?

10.I have already washed up.

Թարգմանեք հետևյալ նախադասությունները անգլերեն

1.Մինչև հիմա ես միայն երկու ռուսերեն գիրք եմ կարդացել:

 I have read two Russian books so far.

2.Քանի ռուսերեն գիրք կարդացիր անցյալ տարի:

How many Russian books did you read last year?

3.Ես հենց նոր եմ վերադարձել աշխատանքից և հիմա ճաշում եմ:

I have just returned from work and now I have dinner.

4.Վերջերս մի հետաքրքիր ֆիլմ եմ դիտել:

Lately I have seen an interesting film.

5.Դուք այցելեցի՞ք Հնեվանքը, երբ Լոռիում էիք:

Have you visited Hnevanq when you were in Lory.

6.Երբվանի՞ց եք ճանաչում պարոն Բրաունին:

Since when have you known mr. Braun?

7.Ես սովորեցի լողալ երբ 8 տարեկան էի:

I learnd to sweam when I was 8 year.

8.Երկու օր առաջ հանդիպեցի իմ դասընկերոջը:

Two days before I meet my classmate.

Complete the gaps with the verbs in the right tense forms.

Petra Dawns leaved school six months ago. But she didn’t go straight on to university after the holidayslike a lot of her schoolmates. In September she did something she had wanted to do for some time. She took a gap year.(տարկետում). Since then she has traveled to three different countries and has spended between two and four weeks in each one. She didn’t learned three new languages though, because all the countries are French -speaking! But she started to learn some Italian, because Italy is her next stop- and she can’t wait! “I have always wanted to see Italy. It’s a country I have never visited, so I’m incredibly excited about it.”

Սխալների ուղղում 

      Երբ նա խոսում է, նրան հետաքրքրությամբ են լսում:

When he is speaking, he is listened to with interest.  այստեղ պետք էր կրավորական սեռ օգտագործել:

2.   Զգույշ եղեք: Պատերը ներկված են:

Be careful. The walls are painted.

3.   Նա հարցրեց ինձ, թե արդյոք ես ուզում եմ մի գավաթ սուրճ ըմպել:

He asked me, if I would like to drink a cup of coffee. Միայն like բառը նշանակում է ‹‹դուր գալ, հավանել››:  ‹‹would like››-ն է նշանակում ‹‹ուզենալ››

4.   Ո՞րն է տարվա ամենաերկար օրը:

Which is the longest day of the year?

5.   Այսօր շատ ավելի զով է, քան երեկ:

Today is much cooler, than tomorrow.

1.   Read the text and answer the questions

It’s legal – but is it right?

When people wanted to find their way to a place in the past, they used to have to buy a map. They don’t have  to do that any more. Now they can either buy a GPS, or go online and find maps for just about anywhere. Is this an improvement? Perhaps but some people think some of the online companies are going too far, because they have been sending out cars with photographic equipment on the roofs, to photograph every street and house in the country.

One of these cars arrived on a Wednesday morning in the quiet English village of Broughton. The camera was on a metre-high pole on top of the car and could see over walls and into people’s gardens. Some of the villagers came and stood around the car, and asked the driver and photographer to go away. Journalists quickly arrived on the place , and soon the event was news all over the country.

Of course, the online company in question claims that it is simply collecting information that people on the internet want. But Broughton residents feel differently.

”We used to have privacy in this country – now companies just come and take photographs of our homes without even asking”, said one resident. ”It’s not right. We mustn’t let this happen. We mustn’t lose our right to live privately.”

There is, of course no law to prevent people from taking photographs of houses, so the residents cannot go to court. But many people are asking the question: ”OK, it’s legal, but is it right?” This is a question that won’t go away.

1.   What did people do in the past to find their way to places?

When people wanted to find their way to a place in the past, they bought a map.

2.   What do people do now to find their way to places.

Now people can buy a GPS, or go online and find maps for just about anywhere.

3.   Why do some people think online companies are going too far?

Some people think some of the online companies are going too far, because they have been sending out cars with photographic equipment on the roofs, to photograph every street and house in the country.

4.   What did the villagers of Broughton want the photographer and driver to do?

Some of the villagers of Broughton asked the driver and photographer to go away, because the camera on the car could see over walls and people’s gardens.

5.   Who else appeared in the village?

Journalists also quickly arrived on the place.

6.   Why was one resident of Broughton not happy about the photographs?

One resident of Broughton is not happy about the photographs, because they used to have privacy in this country, but now companies just come and take photographs of theit homes without even asking permission.

7.   Why can’t the people who live in the village go to court?

The people who live in the cant go to the court because there is no law to prevent people from taking photographs.

Հետևյալ նախադասություններում տրված բառերը գործածեք համապատասխան ձևով:

1.   Did you get an … to Martha’s party next week? (invite)

Did you get an invitation to Marthas party next week?

2.   You don’t need much … to do this work.(equip)

You don’t need much equipment to do this work.

3.   She works for te local newspaper. She is a … (journal)

She works for the local newspaper. She is a journalist.

4.   Sorry, there are no tickets left. But try again tomorrow, we might get a …(cancel)

Sorry, there are no tickets left. But try again tomorrow, we might get a cancellation.

5.   You should make a … a week before if you want to stay at that hotel. (reserve)

You should make a reservation a week before if you want to stay at that hotel.

6.   He’s still quite ill, but the doctors think there will be some … soon. (improve)

He’s still quite ill, but the doctors think there will be some improvement soon.

7.   My sister works as a … in a hotel in New-York. (reception)

My sister works as a receptionist in a hotel in New-York.

8.   He studied hotel … of a hotel. (manage)

He studied hotel management of a hotel.

9.   He hopes that some day he’ll be the … of a hotel somewhere. (manage)

He hopes that some day he’ll be the manager of a hotel somewhere.

10.       I don’t watch Women’s club on TV any more. – I just don’t think it’s very good … (entertain)

11.       I don’t watch Women’s club on TV any more. – I just don’t think it’s very good entertainment.

·         Թարգմանել անգլերեն

1.   Երբ նա խոսում է, նրան հետաքրքրությամբ են լսում:

When he is speaking, it’s interesting to listen him.

2.   Զգույշ եղեք: Պատերը ներկված են:

Be careful. The walls are painted.

3.   Նա հարցրեց ինձ, թե արդյոք ես ուզում եմ մի գավաթ սուրճ ըմպել:

He asked me, if I like to drink a cup of coffee.

4.   Ո՞րն է տարվա ամենաերկար օրը:

Which is the years longest day.

5.   Այսօր շատ ավելի զով է, քան երեկ:

Today is cooler, then tomorrow.

I.Use the right expression in the correct form.

1.   She used to get up very early because her working place is at a distance of 25 km.

2.   Henry got used to cycling to his work as there was no transport in that district.

3.   They are used to having a shower every day in summer.

4.    Jack used to wear a panama hat.

5.   I didn’t like to take part in those events but soon I get used to them.

II. Translate into English

1.   Նա վեր էր կենում վաղ առավոտյան և աշխատում էր իր փոքրիկ պարտեզում:

She used to get up in the early morning and work in his little garden.

2.   Հենրին սովորություն ունի ուշանալ հանդիպումներից (ուշանալ մի բանից – to be late for)

Henry was used to being late for meetings.

3.   Նա սկզբում չէր ուզում կաշառք (bribe) վերցնել, բայց շուտով սովորեց դրան:

He didn’t want to take bribe before, but soon get used to them.

4.   Նա սովորություն ուներ դուռը բաց թողնել գիշերները, բայց այդ դեպքից հետո միշտ կողպում (lock) էր այն:

He was used to keeping open the door in the night, but after that incident always locked it.

5.   Կարծում եմ, որ շուտով ձեր սենյակը մաքուր պահելու սովորություն ձեռք կբերեք:

I think you will get use to keeping your room clean.

 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Two men, with masks on and guns in their hands, rushed into the bank and robed nearly $1mln.

I can’t find my wallet in the bag. Someone has stolen it.

 The bookstore is on the opposite side of the street. You should walk across the street.

 Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the Puppet Theatre? –  Go along this street until the first crossing and then turn right at the corner.

Is there a doctor among your friends?

I will tell you the secret but let it be between you and me.

Although she is over sixty she has remained young and looks like a woman of 40.

Will you stay at home and look after my baby while I am shopping?

I am more confident when you are sitting beside me while I am solving a math problem.

Besides solving math and physics problems you should sometimes read fiction books.

I like all the school subjects  except chemistry.

These shoes are  loose on me. Can you give me a size smaller?

Never lose your hope.

I didn’t continue my business activities because I got disinterested in it.

The old man fell asleep while watching the TV show because he got uninterested in it.

The new head of the department doesn’t like the employees to tell him compliments.

The wall ornaments are a good complement to this architectural style.

I can’t bear your impoliteness any longer.

The trees are bare in late autumn.

Please ring me up in case you need any further information.

Petersburg is farther from Yerevan than Moscow.

I can’t act against my principles.

The principal had to make a hard decision.

Please follow my advice.

Yesterday my grandfather advise me to not to waste my earnings.

Mobile cafes are not stationary.

You can buy pens and pencils at the stationery.

Մեզ թույլատրվու՞մ է բառարանից օգտվել:

Is allowed us to make use of dictionary?

Եկեք ընդմիջում անենք:

Let’s have break.

Չեմ հանդիպել նրան անցյալ տարվանից ի վեր:

I haven’t met him since last year.

Ես նրան չեմ տեսել ավելի քան 10 տարի:

I haven’t seen him more then 10 years.

Դեղատունը փողոցի դիմացի կողմում է: Դուք պետք է փողոցն անցնեք:

Pharmacy is on the opposite of the street. You will walk across the street.

Թող մեր զրույցը մնա իմ ու քո մեջ:

Let it our conversation be between me and you.

Երբ դու իմ կողքին ես, ես ավելի ինքնավստահ եմ զգում:

When you are beside me, I feel more self-confident.

Բոլոր տղաները մասնակցեցին մրցումներին բացի Արամից:

All boys take part in competitions, except Aram.

Այս բաճկոնը լայն է իմ վրա:

This waistcoat is loose for me.

 Նա հավատարիմ (faithful) մնաց իր սկզբունքներին (principles):

He remained faithful to his principles.

 Քաղաքապետարանը հետաքրքրություն չի ցուցաբերում (անտարբեր է) մեր խնդիրների

հանդեպ:

The municipality disinterested in our problems.

Ուսուցիչը խորհուրդ տվեց ինձ վերընթերցել «Վերք Հայաստանի» վեպը:

The teacher advised me to read again a novel <<Wound of Armenia>>.

Դու կարող ես տետր գնել գրենական պիտույքների բաժնից:

You can buy copybook at the stationery section.

Այս անշարժ տրամվայը ծառայում է որպես սրճարան:

This stationary tram serves as a café.

Լրացուցիչ մանրամասն տեղեկությունների համար կարող եք այցելել այս կայքը:

For further detailed information you can visit this site.

Երբ դպրոցի տնօրենը ներս մտավ, բոլոր սովորողները ոտքի կանգնեցին:

When the principal came in, all students stood up.

I. Choose the right word in the correct form

1.   The sun rises in the East.

2.   He  raises a question at yesterday’s meeting.

3.   You shouldn’t eat too much before going to bed.

4.   They  founded their company during the Second World War.

5.   He found himself in an empty room.

6.   He got injured in a car accident.

7.   I will forget this incident  which happened at school.

8.    The guests thanked the host and hostess  for such warm hospitality and left.

9.   The  landlady felt sorry for the poor student and didn’t take the rent for that month.

10.   Will you  lend  me $100?

11.   You should return the book you have borrow from the library in time.

12.   Don’t   bother yourself. I will be able to do it myself.

13.   I always  worry  about Jane when she is taking an exam.

14.   The demonstrators demanded that the city mayor should  resign.

15.   Employees in our country have the right to retire  at the age of 63.

16.   If you want to be a success you should  study hard.

17.   To learn a poem by heart has always been a boring task for me.

18.   If you  offer  me a bribe, I will take it as I am not sure that you will be able  to suggest doing anything else.

19.   I recommend that you try on this pair of shoes of the latest  fashion.

20.   He who laughs last, laughs best.

21.   You should always tell me the truth. Do not  lay  to me.

22.    This play  can’t be performed by ten-year-old children.

23.   You should sometimes turn your smartphone off and get involved in outdoor  games.

24.   You shouldn’t lose this  opportunity to learn the second foreign language.

25.    In Yerevan there is hardly any  opportunity of meeting an English speaking foreigner in order to take the possibility  to speak English.

Translate into English

1.   Տես ինչ գեղեցիկ է, երբ արևը բարձրանում է սարերի հետևից:

 Look, it’s how  beautiful, when the sun rises behind of mountains.

2.   Երբ հարց ունեք, բարձրացրեք ձեր ձեռքերը:

When you have a question, raise your hands up.

3.   Ես ուզում եմ գտնել այն բարերարին, ով հիմնադրել է այս ծերանոցը: (nursing home)

I want to find that sponser, who has found this nursing home.

4.   Նա կորցրեց իր ձախ ոտքը ավտովթարի պատճառով:

He lost his left leg in case of accident.

5.   Տանտիրուհին չէր ուզում երիտասարդ ուսուցչից սենյակի վարձը վերցնել:

The landledy did’t want to take rent for room from young teacher.

6.   90-ականներին մեր երկրի նախագահը խորհուրդ տվեց բնակիչներին պարտք վերցնել հարևաններից:

In 90-s president of our country gave advise to inhabitants to borrow many from neighbours.

7.   Մի անհանգստացեք ինձ համար: Երբ օգնության կարիք ունենամ, ես ինքս կանհանգստացնեմ ձեզ:

Don’t worry about me. When I need of help, I will bother you myself.

8.   Ե՞րբ ես սովորել լողալ:

When did you learn to sweam.

9.   Դու սիրու՞մ ես սովորել:

Do you like to stady.

10.   Ես չեմ հրաժարվի, եթե օգնություն առաջարկես:

I don’t refuse, if you offer me help.

11.   Անգլերեն խոսելու առիթը բաց մի թող, երբ հանդիպում ես անգլիախոս զբոսաշրջիկի:

Don’t miss an opportunity to speak English, when you meet English speaking tourist.

12.   Մենք զբոսախնջույք արեցինք մի մեծ կաղնու ստվերում: Նրա ստվերը այնքան մեծ էր:

We have picnic under shadow of big oak. It’s shadow was so big.

Թարգմանել նախադասությունները

You never would be upset with him. He is very funny men.

People, who never lose hope in hard situations, are optimistic.

You are always late for our meetings. You are unpunctual.

You wouldn’t be so selfish. It is necessary sometimes to think about other people.

He is so boring, when he start to speak, I am yawning.

He is outgoing.

Tom doesn’t speak about his fillings. He is introverted.

Mr. Brown live modest, though he is very wealthier man.

Your room is tidy and everything is in place. You are very neat.

He is so forgetful and absent-minded.

  

Երկու նախադասությունները միացնում ենք իրար «եթե» շաղկապով

The weather is not cold. The children won’t stay indoors.

If the weather were cold the children would stay indoors.

He isn’t’ going to enter university. He won’t attend preliminary courses.

If he were going to enter university he would attend preliminary courses.

The weather isn’t warm today. We won’t go hiking.

If the weather were warm today we would go hiking.

The sausage is not fresh. I won’t eat it.

If the sausage were fresh I would eat it.

I am not a doctor. I won’t help you.

If I were doctor I would help you.

___________________________________________

I have no appetite. I won’t eat anything.

If I had appetite I would eat anything.

He doesn’t read much. His vocabulary won’t get rich.

If he read much his vocabulary would be reach.

I don’t know Mr. Hansen. I can’t meet him at the airport.

If I knew Mr.Hansen I could meet him at the airport.

He doesn’t sing well. He won’t take part in the concert.

If he sang well he would took part in the concert.

They don’t cook. They don’t eat at home.

If they cooked they would eat at home.

___________________________________________

Jim doesn’t earn much. He can’t go to the sea every summer.

If Jim earned much he could go to the sea every summer.

I don’t know the town. I can’t show it to you.

If I knew the town I coild sho it to you.

The soup isn’t ready We can’t have dinner now.

If the Soup were ready we could have dinner now.

We haven’t got any vegetables at home. We can’t make any salad.

If we had get any vegetables at home we could make any salad.

I don’t read any newspapers. I can’t tell you the news.

If I had read any newspaper I could tell you the news. 

Parable: Read the text and reproduce it in indirect speech.

One day a very wealthy father took his son on a trip to the country for the sole purpose of showing his son how it was to be poor. They spent a few days and nights on the farm of what would be considered a very poor family.

After their return from the trip, the father asked his son how he liked the trip. The son answered to his Dad that it was great.

The father asked him if he had seen how poor people could be. The son answered that he had seen.

The father asked to him what he had learned from the trip.

The son told that he had seen that they had one dog and the others had four. He added that they had a pool that reaches to the middle of their garden and the others had a creek that has no end, thay had imported lanterns in their garden and the others had the stars at night. Their patio had reached to the front yard and the others had the whole horizon. They had a small piece of land to live on and the others had fields that go beyond their sight. Thay had servants who had serve us, but they serve others. They had buy their food, but they had grew theirs. They had walls around their property to protect themselves, the others had friends to protect them.”

The boy’s father was speechless. Then his son added that It had showed him just how poor they really were.

Too many times we forget what we have and concentrate on what we don’t have. What is one person’s worthless object is another’s prize possession. It is all based on one’s perspective.

Sometimes it takes the perspective of a child to remind us what’s important.

Ուղղակի խոսքը փոխակերպեք անուղղակիի. Turn the direct speech into indirect.

‘She said to me: “I don’t remember where I put my mobile phone. Have you seen it?”

She told me that she didn’t remember where she had put her phone and asked me had I saw it.

The teacher said: “Tomorrow you will take your final test. It will be better if you revise the grammar rules.”

The teacher told that next day we would took our final test and added that it would be better if we had revise the grammar rules.

The teacher said: “The River Volga flows into the Caspian Sea.”

The teacher said that the River Volga flows into the Caspian Sea.

He said: “I did everything as you said. I turned off the lights, turned off the gas, and locked the door.”

He told that he had done everything as I said. He had turned off the lights, turned off the gas and locked the door.

She said, : “I am sorry. I broke your mobile phone.”

She apologized to me for broking of my mobile phone.

Mother said: “Nick, you should wash your hands before having a meal.”

Mother advised Nick to wash  hands before having a meal.

He took the loud speaker and said: “You are free and proud citizens of Armenia.”

He took the loud speaker and declared that we were free and proud citizens of Armenia.

He said: “When are you going to take your next exam?”

He wanted to know when were we going to take our next exam.

Սխալների ուղղում

He said: “I have chosen my course.”

He said that he had chosen his course.

He said to me: “Will you take me to your office tomorrow?”

He asked me if I would take him to my office the next day. Երբ հարցական է նախադասությունը և հարցի սկզբում չկա «when, where, why, how…» հարցական բառերը, ապա անուղղակի դարձնելիս ավելանում է if շաղկապը և նախադասությունը գրվում է պատմողական ձևով՝ ոչ հարցական: Տվյալ դեպքում would բառը I-ից հետո պետք է դրվի:

He says to me: “Will you take me to your office tomorrow?”

He asks me if I will take him to my office tomorrow. Բացատրությունը նույնն է:

“I’ll wait for you here”, she said.

She said that she would wait for me there.

The captain said to the sailor: “Raise the flag.”

The captain told the sailor to raise the flag. Told-ից հետո to չի ասվում:

She asked him: “How many umbrellas did you take to the umbrella maker’s shop yesterday?”

She asked him how many umbrellas he had taken to the umbrella maker’s shop the previous day.

She asks him: “How many umbrellas did you take to the umbrella maker’s shop yesterday?”

She asks him how many umbrellas he took to the umbrella maker’s shop yesterday.

“We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work”, they said.

They said that they had a lift but very often it didn’t work.

He said: “I’ll join you as soon as I am ready.”

He said that he would join me as soon as he was ready. Am-ը was է դառնում:

“What do you think of the canteen coffee?”, asked Peter.

Peter asked what I thought of the canteen coffee.

“What do you think of the canteen coffee?”, asks Peter.

Peter asks what I think of the canteen coffee. Do-ն կորում է, որովհետև անուղղակի խոսքում հարց չկա:

He said to me: “Don’t lock the door.”

He told me not to lock the door.

“Don’t watch late night horror films”, said Mother.

Mother told me not to watch late night horror films.

“Where is the ticket office?”, asked Mrs Jones.

Mrs Jones asked where the ticket office was. Was-ը գնում է իր տեղը, որովհետև հարց չի:

Peter said: “My father will come to the school tomorrow.”

Peter said that his father would cօme to the school the next day.

He said: “I sent him a message last week.”

He said that he had sent him a message the previous week.

He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come in time?”

He asked Jane why she didn’t come in time.

Tom said: “Everything will be ready in two weeks.”

Tom said that everything would be ready two weeks later.

She says: “I think the weather will change tomorrow.”

She says that she thinks the weather will change tomorrow. Tomorrow-ն չի փոխվում, եթե հեղինակի խոսքը ներկա ժամանակում է:

She said: “I think the weather will change tomorrow.”

She said that she thought the weather would change the next day.

04.02.19

Turn into indirect speech

He said: “I have chosen my course.”

He said that he had chosen his course.

He said to me: “Will you take me to your office tomorrow?”

He asked me would I took him to my office the next day.

He says to me: “Will you take me to your office tomorrow?”

He asks me will I take him to my office tomorrow.

“I’ll wait for you here”, she said.

She said that she would wait me there. 

The captain said to the sailor: “Raise the flag.”

The captain told to the sailor to raise the flag.

She asked him: “How many umbrellas did you take to the umbrella maker’s shop yesterday?”

She asked him how many umbrellas he had took to the umbrella maker’s shop the previous day.

She asks him: “How many umbrellas did you take to the umbrella maker’s shop yesterday?”

She asks him how many umbrellas he had took to the umbrella maker’s shop yesterday.

“We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work”, they said.

They said that they had a lift  but very often it didn’t work.

He said: “I’ll join you as soon as I am ready.”

He said that he would join me as soon as he woud be ready.

“What do you think of the canteen coffee?”, asked Peter.

Peter asked what did I think of the canteen coffee.

“What do you think of the canteen coffee?”, asks Peter.

Peter asks what do I think of the canteen coffee.

He said to me: “Don’t lock the door.”

He told me don’t lock the door.

“Don’t watch late night horror films”, said Mother.

Mother said didn’t watch late night horror films.

“Where is the ticket office?”, asked Mrs Jones.

Mrs Jones asked where was the ticket office.

Peter said: “My father will come to the school tomorrow.”

Peter said that his father would came to the school the next day.

He said: “I sent him a message last week.”

He said that he had sent a message the previous week.

He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come in time?”

He asked Jane why she didn’t came in time.

Tom said: “Everything will be ready in two weeks.”

Tom said that everything would be ready in two weeks.

She says: “I think the weather will change tomorrow.”

She says that she think the weather will change the next day.

She said: “I think the weather will change tomorrow.”

She said that she had thought the weather would change the next day.

Սխալների ուղղում

Նա ինձ ասաց, որ ուզում է Ամերիկա մեկնել:

He told me that he wanted to go to America.

Թոմը համոզված էր, որ բոլորը սիրում և հարգում են իրենց նոր ուսուցչին:

Tom was sure that everybody loved and had a respected their new teacher.

Ես գիտեի, որ դու կհավանես այդ ֆիլմը:

I knew that you would like that film.

Ես գիտեմ, որ դու կհավանես այդ ֆիլմը:

I know that you will like this film.

Ես համոզված էի, որ նրանք չեն ուշանա:

I was sure that they wouldn’t be late.

Ես համոզված եմ, որ նրանք չեն ուշանա:

I am sure they will not be late.

Սա ամենահետաքրքիր պատմությունն է, որ ես երբևէ լսել եմ:

This is the most interesting story, that I have ever heard.

Դա ամենահետաքրքիր պատմությունն էր, որը ես երբևէ լսել էի:

That was the most interesting story, that I had ever heard.

Նա հարցնում է ինձ, թե ես քանի սխալ եմ արել:

He asks me how many mistakes I have made.

Նա հարցրեց ինձ, թե ես քանի սխալ եմ արել:

He asked me how many mistakes I had made.

Նա ինձ ասաց, որ կօգնի ինձ:

Ha told me that he would help me.

Նա ասում է ինձ, որ կօգնի ինձ:

He tells me that he will help me.

Նա ասում է, որ շատ գրքեր է կարդացել:

He says that he has read many books.

Նա սաց, որ շատ գրքեր է կարդացել:

He said that he had read many books.

Ես համոզված էի, որ նրանք աշխատում են և ներս չմտա:

 I was sure that they were working and I didn’t go in. 

23.01.19

Ժամանակների համաձայնեցումը.

Translate the following sentences into English.

Նա ինձ ասաց, որ ուզում է Ամերիկա մեկնել:

He said me that he would go to America.

Թոմը համոզված էր, որ բոլորը սիրում և հարգում են իրենց նոր ուսուցչին:

Tom was sure that everybody loved and had a respect to their new teacher.

Ես գիտեի, որ դու կհավանես այդ ֆիլմը:

I knew that you had liked this film.

Ես գիտեմ, որ դու կհավանես այդ ֆիլմը:

I know that you will like this film.

Ես համոզված էի, որ նրանք չեն ուշանա:

I was sure that they didn’t late.

Ես համոզված եմ, որ նրանք չեն ուշանա:

I sure they will not late.

Սա ամենահետաքրքիր պատմությունն է, որ ես երբևէ լսել եմ:

This is the most interesting story, that I have heard ever.

Դա ամենահետաքրքիր պատմությունն էր, որը ես երբևէ լսել էի:

That was most interesting story, that I had heard ever.

Նա հարցնում է ինձ, թե ես քանի սխալ եմ արել:

He asks me how many mistakes I have made.

Նա հարցրեց ինձ, թե ես քանի սխալ եմ արել:

He asked me how many mistakes I had made.

Նա ինձ ասաց, որ կօգնի ինձ:

Ha said me that he would help me.

Նա ասում է ինձ, որ կօգնի ինձ:

He says me that he will help me.

Նա ասում է, որ շատ գրքեր է կարդացել:

He says that he have read many books.

Նա սաց, որ շատ գրքեր է կարդացել:

He said that he had read many books.

Ես համոզված էի, որ նրանք աշխատում են և ներս չմտա:

I sure that they was working and I didn’t went in. 

Սխալների ուղղում 

The teacher had checked our essays by last Saturday.

She opened the door and saw that someone had turned everything upside down.

Tom did not go to bed until he had cleaned his teeth.

She said that she had seen that film and did not want to see it again.

When I looked at him I thought that I had met him somewhere before.

We had not had breakfast when she arrived.

We couldn’t pass the border because we had left our passports at home.

After he had read all the names on the list, he realized that he had not passed the test.

When she came home it seemed to her that something bad had happened.

When I arrived at the airport, I discovered that I had forgotten to bring the passport.

Թարգմանել անգլերեն

Երբ հասա կայարան, հիշեցի, որ մոռացել եմ վերցնել իմ անձնագիրը:

When I reached the station, I remembered that I had forgotten to take my passport.

Երեխան սովորաբար չէր քնում, մինչև հեքիաթ չպատմեին:

The child usually did not fall asleep, until they had read a tale.

Նա ավարտել էր տեքստ թարգմանությունը մինչև երեկոյան ժամը 7-ը:

He had finished the translation of the text by 7 o’clock in the evening.

Սիրանուշը շատ էր կարդացել Եգիպտոսի մասին նախքան այնտեղ մեկնելը:

Siranush had read much about Egypt before she arrived there.

Նա հասկացավ ամեն ինչ, նամակը մի քանի անգամ կարդալուց հետո:

He understood everything , after he had read the letter a few times.

Ուսուցիչն ասաց, որ ստուգել է մեր շարադրությունները:

The teacher said that he had checked our essays.

Ֆիլմն այնքան անհետաքրքիր էր, որ բոլորը լքել էին դահլիճը, նախքան դրա վերջանալը:

The film was so boring that all the people had left the hall before it was over.

Նրանք չկարողացան շարունակել իրենց ճամփորդությունը, որովհետև ծախսել էին իրենց ողջ գումարը:

They could not continue their travel, because they had spent all their money.

Նրանք հրաժարվեցին որևէ բան ուտել, քանի որ արդեն ճաշել էին:

They refused to eat something, because they had had dinner.

Դու ասացի՞ր նրան, որ պատասխանել ես իր նամակին:

Did you tell him that you had answered his letter.

13.01.19

The Past Perfect ժամանակաձևի կազմությունը և գործածումը

Առաջադրանք 1.

The teacher had checked our essays by last Saturday.

She opened the door and saw that someone had turned everything upside down.

Tom did not went to bed until he had cleaned his teeth.

She said that she had seen that film did not want to see it again.

When I look at him I think that I had met him somewhere before.

We did not have breakfast when she had arrived.

We couldn’t pass the border because we had left our passports at home.

After he had read all the names on the list, he realized that he had not passed the test.

When she came home it had seem to her that something bad had happened.

When I had arrived at the airport, I had discovered that I had forgot to bring the passport.

Թարգմանել անգլերեն

Երբ հասա կայարան, հիշեցի, որ մոռացել եմ վերցնել իմ անձնագիրը:

When I reached to station, I had remembered that I had forgotten to take my passport.

Երեխան սովորաբար չէր քնում, մինչև հեքիաթ չպատմեին:

The child usually did not slept, until they had read the tale.

Նա ավարտել էր տեքստ թարգմանությունը մինչև երեկոյան ժամը 7-ը:

He had finished the translation of text by 7 o’clock at evening.

Սիրանուշը շատ էր կարդացել Եգիպտոսի մասին նախքան այնտեղ մեկնելը:

Siranush had read much about Egypt before she arrived there.

Նա հասկացավ ամեն ինչ, նամակը մի քանի անգամ կարդալուց հետո:

He understand the whole, after he had read letter few times.

Ուսուցիչն ասաց, որ ստուգել է մեր շարադրությունները:

The teacher said that he had checked our essays.

Ֆիլմն այնքան անհետաքրքիր էր, որ բոլորը լքել էին դահլիճը, նախքան դրա վերջանալը:

The film is so bored that all the people had left the hall before the finish.

Նրանք չկարողացան շարունակել իրենց ճամփորդությունը, որովհետև ծախսել էին իրենց ողջ գումարը:

They could not continue their travel, because they had spent all their money.

Նրանք հրաժարվեցին որևէ բան ուտել, քանի որ արդեն ճաշել էին:

They refused to eat something, because they had dinner.

Դու ասացի՞ր նրան, որ պատասխանել ես իր նամակին:

You said him that you had answerd his letter. 

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Սխալների ուղղում

1. I had a pain in my knee and I couldn’t walk.

2.   I had a headache and I was not able to go to school.

3.   I have a pain in my left foot and I will not be able to take part in the competition.

4.   It is not difficult for me to solve this problem and I want to say that I have always been able to solve that kind of problems.

5.   This is a very long text and you needn’t translate the whole text. “To” նախդիրը չի դրվում needn’t-ից հետո:

6.   It is necessary for you to do it, you must translate this article.

7.   It will be necessary for you to prepare for the exam, you will have to stay at home during the holidays.

8.   It was necessary for me to translate the article as I had do this for my sister. Անցյալ ժամանակում գործածվում է “had to”

9.   Now you may go to the toilet but when the exam begins you will not be allowed to go out of the classroom.

10.       When I asked my teacher for permission to leave the room, she said, I might go out from room.

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Continue the sentence in English.

1.   I had a pain in my knee and I couldn’t walk.

2.   I had a headache and I was not able to go (went) school.

3.   I have a pain in my left foot and I will be able to take part in the competition.

4.   It is not difficult for me to solve this problem and I want to say that I always have been able to solve that kind of problems.

5.   This is a very long text and you needn’t to translate the whole text.

6.   It is necessary for you to do it, you must translate this article.

7.   It will be necessary for you to prepare for the exam, you will have to be in home during holidays.

8.   It was necessary for me to translate the article as I have do this for my sister.

9.   Now you may go to the toilet but when the exam begins yiu will not allowed go out from classroom.

10.       When I asked my teacher for permission to leave the room, she said, I am might go out from room.

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Correction of mistakes. Սխալների ուղղում

The museum receives guests from many countries.

They have accepted our invitation. Հոգնակի թվով ենթական պահանջում է «have»

The Parliament doesn’t adopt a new law about elections.

I have been to all the regions of Armenia, except Syunik.

Except for my sister all my family members have gathered.

The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. Անգլերենում ջրանցքների, գետերի, ծովերի, օվկիանոսների, նեղուցների անունները միշտ գրվում են «the» հոդի հետ: Մեծատառով են գրվում նաև գետ, ծով … բառերը իրենց անունների հետ միասին: օրինակ՝ The Black Sea, the Pacific Ocean… 

The Bosphorus Channel connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara.

Many presidents and heads of states arrived in Yerevan to participate in Francophonie Summit.

I like to read magazines and journals about geography and tourism.

We finished our lessons and continued to discuss football the match.

They went on with their work when the rain stopped.

This dress suits her.

His shoes fit him and match with his trousers and go with the belt.

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Կազմել նախադասություններ տրված բառերով.

The museum receives guests from many countries.

They has accepted our invitation.

The Parliament doesn’t adopt a new law about elections.

I have been in all marz of Armenia, exept Syunik.

Exept off my sister all my family is gathered together.

Panama canal connects Atlantic ocean with Pacific ocean.

Bosporus channel connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara.

Many presidents and head of states arrived Yerevan to participate in Francophonie summit.

I like to read magazines and journals about geography and tourism.

We finished our lessons and continued to discuss football match.

They goes on their work when the rain ware stopped.

This dress suits her.

His shoes fit him and match with his trousers and go with belt. 

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Correction of mistakes. Սխալների ուղղում

3. In my opinion -
5. It was several times as cold last year as it is this year.
6. There is twice as much money on my bank account as on yours.
7. Why study?
8. In autumn the days get shorter, and the nights get longer.
9. In spring the days get longer and the nights get shorter.

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Translate into English

Vienna is not so big as Rome.

Aram is as tall as Davit.

For my opinion chemistry is not so interesting as physics.

Grummar is as interesting as literature.

There was several times gold in last year then is this year.

There are twice as much money on my bank account as yours.

The more we study the much we know.

The more we know the much we forget. The more we forget the less we know.

Why to study?

The autumn days are getting short, the nights are getting long.

The springs days are getting long, and the nights are getting short.

  

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Ինչպե՞ս կապակցել երկու նախադասությունները who-ով, whom-ում, with whom-ում հետ, whose-ում, which-որը, որոնք բառերով:

1.This is the car. The mechanic repairs it every 3 years.

This is the car which mechanic repairs every 3 years.

2.He is the man. I want to invite him to my birthday party.

He is the man whom I want to invite to my birthday party.

3.She is the nurse. She looks after me.

She is the nurse who looks after me.

4.They are the people. They can’t speak Armenian well.

They are the people who can’t speak Armenian well.

5.They are the trees. We water them twice a week.

They are the trees which we water twice a week.

6. He is the man. He goes fishing every Sunday.

He is the man who goes fishing every Sunday.

7. She is the girl. Her father is the Minister of Defence.

She is the girl whose father is the Minister of Defence.

8. They are the boys. We play football with them.

  They are the boys with whom we play football.

9. They are the girls. They are leaving for London on Sunday.

They are the girls who are leaving for London on Sunday.

10. He is the teacher. I respect him.

He is the teacher whom I respect.

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SIMPLE PRESENT

Tom rarely reads a book.

Tom frequently goes to the opera.

Jane sometimes does translations.

Is she often use dictionaries?

We often go to the country in summer.

Where do you usually go in summer.

As a rule I don’t late for the lessons.

We often don’t realize our mistakes.

Where do you have a dinner as a rule.

He never tell a lie.

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PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

He usually waters these flowers once a week.

Where is he now? He is watering flowers in the garden.

Does she go swimming every day.

We generally have 6 lessons, but today we have 7 lessons.

He always complains.

Do not switch off the radio. I am listening the latest news.

Do you understand me now?

What do you see in this picture.

I meet my grandfather at the airport tonight.

Whenever she asks such questions I cant answer any of them.

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 ԹԱՐԳՄԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ       

When are you leaving Armenia? I want to show you some places of interest.

I don’t belive you. You are lying.

Where is Mr. Green. He is writing a report about trip.

I wont to listen you, buIt is noisy here and I don’t  hear you.

We are going Arates next week.

What are you drinking.

I usually drink coffe at this time, but today is cold and I am drinking a tea.

  

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Gerund-ի կամ to մասնիկով անորոշ դերբայի գործածման

1. This telephone needs charging.

2. I need to be at home.

3. The childe couldn’t stop crying.

4. Can you help me to translate this sentensces.

5. Henry likes singing.

6. Henry likes to sing, when he is working at home.

7. Try to open the door with different keys. Don’t give up.

8. Try to call him. He will answer if he will be in the city.

9. The windows are dirty. They needs cleaning.

10. I couldn’t say true to him. 

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Երեխան դադարեցրեց լացելը, երբ տեսավ իր մորը:

The child stopped crying, when he saw his mother.

Երեխա – a child, երեխան – the child

Ես առաջարկում եմ գնալ Արատես ուրբաթ օրը:

I suggest going to Arates on Friday.

Շաբաթվա օրերը on նախդիրով են գործածվում:

Մենք որոշեցինք մնալ տանը, քանի որ հոգնած էինք:

We decided to stay at home, because we were tired.

Նա միշտ խուսափում է նման սխալներ անելուց:

He always avoids making such mistakes.

Սխալ անել – make a mistake

Չեմ կարող ինձ թույլ տալ նման թանկարժեք հեռախոս գնել:

I can’t afford to buy such an expensive telephone.

Afford բայի հետ me չի գործածվում:

Դուք կվերջացնե՞ք աշխատելը նախագծի վրա մինչև հաջորդ ամիս:

Will you finish working on the project until next month?

Ես դեմ չեմ դուռը բաց թողնելուն:

I don’t mind leaving the door open.

Մենք պայմանավորվեցինք հանդիպել հաջորդ շաբաթ:

We arranged to meet the next weak.

Ես խոստացա չլքել Հայաստանը: (leave Armenia)

I promised not to leave Armenia.

Նա հույս ունի մի լավ աշխատանք գտնել:

He hopes to get a good job.

________________________________________________________________________________

Երեխան դադարեցրեց լացելը, երբ տեսավ իր մորը:

Child stopped crying, when saw his mother.

Ես առաջարկում եմ գնալ Արատես ուրբաթ օրը:

I suggest going to Arates in Friday.

Մենք որոշեցինք մնալ տանը, քանի որ հոգնած էինք:

We decided to stay at home, because we had tired.

Նա միշտ խուսափում է նման սխալներ անելուց:

He always avoid doing such mistakes.

Չեմ կարող ինձ թույլ տալ նման թանկարժեք հեռախոս գնել:

I cant afford me to buy such expensive telephone.

Դուք կվերջացնեք աշխատելը նախագծի վրա մինչև հաջորդ ամիս:

You ll finish working on the project until next month.

Ես դեմ չեմ դուռը բաց թողնելուն:

I don’t mind staying window open.

Մենք պայմանավորվեցինք հանդիպել հաջորդ շաբաթ:

We arranged to meet next weak.

Ես խոստացա չլքել Հայաստանը: (leave Armenia)

I promised don’t leave Armenia.

Նա հույս ունի մի լավ աշխատանք գտնել:

He hope to get good job.